Blood cells are produced from primitive populations comprised of hematopoietic stem
and progenitor cells.
4
,
5
,
8
Immunodeficiency traced to a genetic basis can be cured by a transplant containing
hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells; in the future, gene therapy for treatment
of these disorders utilizing hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells that have been
modified through gene transfer could become a reality. In both cases, the source of
hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells is of importance. The major site of production
of these rare immature cells is the bone marrow, and bone marrow is still considered
the tissue source of choice in most cases for transplantation of stem and progenitor
cells in both an allogeneic and autologous setting.
62
Although hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells are found circulating in the blood
of children and adults, their numbers are very low. It is only those cells mobilized
into the peripheral blood from the marrow after treatment of patients with chemotherapy
or growth factors such as granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-colony stimulating factor (CSF)
or granulocyte (G)-CSF that have been used with success, originally for autologous
and more recently for allogeneic transplantation.
23
,
25
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribers receive full online access to your subscription and archive of back issues up to and including 2002.
Content published before 2002 is available via pay-per-view purchase only.
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Immunology and Allergy ClinicsAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Improved engraftment of human hematopoietic cells in SCID mice carrying human cytokine genes and in non-obese diabetic SCID mice.Exp Hematol. 1995; 23: 939
- Umbilical cord blood transplantation in a patient with Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia.Transplantation. 1992; 56: 477
- Commentary: Self-renewal and migration of stem cells during embryonic and fetal hematopoiesis: Important, but poorly understood events.Blood Cells. 1991; 17: 282
- Update: Biomolecule-cell interactions and the regulation of myelopoiesis.in: Murphy Jr, MJ Concise Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Hematology. Alpha Med Press, Dayton1992: 119
- Role of cytokines in Hematopoiesis.in: Oppenheim J.J. Rossio J.L. Gearing A.J.H. Clinical Aspects of Cytokines: Role in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Therapy. Oxford University, New York1993: 201
- Guest Editorial: International Conference/Workshop on Cord Blood Transplantation and Biology/Immunology.Blood Cells. 1994; 20: 223
- Questions to be answered regarding umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and their use in transplantation.Transfusion. 1995; 35: 694
- The production of myeloid blood cells and their regulation during health and disease.CRC Crit Rev Oncol/Hematol. 1988; 8: 173
- Human umbilical cord blood as a potential source of transplantable hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1989; 86: 3828
- Umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem and repopulating cells in human clinical transplantation.Blood Cells. 1991; 17: 313
- Growth characteristics and expansion of human umbilical cord blood and estimation of its potential for transplantation in adults.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1992; 89: 4109
- Flt-3-ligand stimulates/co-stimulates the growth of myeloid stem/progenitor cells.Exp Hematol. 1995; 23: 1121
- Human chemokines: Enhancement of specific activity and effects in vitro on normal and leukemic progenitors and a factor dependent cell line and in vivo in mice.Ann Hematol. 1995; 71: 235
- A gene transduced with an adeno-associated viral (aav) vector shows differential expression in populations of immature and mature myeloid progenitor cells and is stably expressed after ex vivo expansion of the progenitors.Exp Hematol. 1995; 23: 823
Broxmeyer HE, Cooper S, Etienne-Julan M, et al. Cord Blood transplantation and the potential for gene therapy: Gene transduction using a recombinant adeno-associated viral vector. New York Acad Science, 1995, in press
- Release from quiescence of CD34+ CD38− human umbilical cord blood cells reveals their potentiality to engraft adults.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1993; 90: 8707
- Human multipotential progenitor cells (CFU-GEMM) have extensive replating capacity for secondary CFU-GEMM: An effect enhanced by cord blood plasma.Blood. 1993; 81: 942
- Engraftment of human hematopoietic precursor cells with secondary transfer potential in SCID-hu mice.Blood. 1994; 84: 2497
- Cord blood natural killer cells are functionally and phenotypically immature but readily respond to IL-2 and IL-12.J Interferon Cytokine Res. 1995; 15: 527
- European organisation for cord blood banking.Blood Cells. 1994; 20: 601
- Hematopoietic reconstitution in a patient with Fanconi's anemia by means of umbilical-cord blood from an HLA-identical sibling.N Engl J Med. 1989; 321: 1174
- The severe combined immunodeficient-human peripheral bood stem cell (SCID-huPBSC) mouse: A xenotransplant model for huPBSC-initiated hematopoiesis.Blood. 1995; 86: 89
- Sustained long-term hematopoiesis after myeloablative therapy with peripheral blood progenitor cell support.Blood. 1995; 85: 3754
- Umbilical cord blood cell transduction by retroviral vectors: Pre-clinical studies to optimize gene transfer.Blood Cells. 1994; 20: 539
- Allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation is coming of age.Int J Hematol. 1995; 62: 1
- Long-term human hematopoiesis in SCID-hu mice bearing transplanted fragments of adult bone and bone marrow cells.Blood. 1995; 86: 524
- Growth of human umbilical-cord blood in long term haematopoietic cultures.Lancet. 1992; 340: 73
- Cord blood transplantation in thalassemia.Blood Cells. 1994; 20: 259
- Umbilical cord blood infusion in a patient for correction of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.Blood Cells. 1994; 20: 245
- Haematopoietic stem/progenitor cell transplant in Fanconi anaemia using HLA-matched sibling umbilical cord blood cells.Br J Haematol. 1993; 85: 419
- Engraftment of gene-modified umbilical cord blood in neonates with adenosine deaminase deficiency.Nature Medicine. 1995; 10: 1
- Reconstitution of SCID mice with human lymphoid and myeloid cells after transplantation with human fetal bone marrow without the requirement for exogenous human cytokines.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1994; 91: 8032
- The use of umbilical cord blood in mismatched related and unrelated hemopoietic stem cell transplantation.Blood Cells. 1994; 20: 275
- Ontogeny-related changes in proliferative potential of human hematopoietic cells.J Exp Med. 1993; 178: 787
- Stem cell factor enhances the survival of irradiated human bone marrow maintained in SCID mice.Stem Cells. 1994; 12: 430
- Characterization and purification of a primitive hematopoietic cell type in adult mouse marrow capable of lymphomyeloid differentiation in long-term marrow "switch" cultures.Blood. 1995; 86: 1339
- Can cord blood be used?.Nature. 1989; 340: 676
- Comparative effects of suppressive cytokines on isolated single CD34+++ stem/progenitor cells from human bone marrow and umbilical cord blood plated with and without serum.Exp Hematol. 1993; 21: 1442
- Enrichment, characterization, and responsiveness of single primitive CD34+++ human umbilical cord blood hematopoietic progenitors with high proliferative and replating potential.Blood. 1993; 81: 41
- High efficiency retroviral mediated gene transduction into single isolated immature and replatable CD34+++ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from human umbilical cord blood.J Exp Med. 1993; 178: 2089
- Stable integration of retrovirally transduced genes into human umbilical cord blood high-proliferative potential colony forming cells (HPP-CFC) as assessed after multiple HPP-CFC colony replatings in vitro.Blood Cells. 1994; 20: 525
Lu L, Ge Y, Li JH, et al. Influence of retroviral-mediated gene transduction of recombinant human erythropoietin receptor gene into single hematopoietic stem/ progenitor cells from human cord blood on the growth of these cells. Blood vol 79, 1996, in press
- CD34+++ stem/progenitor cells purified from cryopreserved normal cord blood can be transduced with high efficiency by a retroviral vector and expanded ex vivo with stable integration and expression of Fanconi anemia complementation C gene.Cell Transplantation. 1995; 4: 493
- Thy-1 expression is linked to functional properties of primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells from human umbilical cord blood.Blood. 1994; 83: 2410
- Proposed policies and procedures for the establishment of a cord blood bank.Blood Cells. 1994; 20: 609
- Long-term generation of colony-forming cells in liquid culture of CD34+ cord blood cells in the presence of recombinant human stem cell factor.Blood. 1992; 79: 2620
- Ex vivo expansion of cord blood derived stem cells and progenitors.Blood Cells. 1994; 20: 468
- Human cord blood cells as targets for gene transfer: Potential use in genetic therapies of severe combined immunodeficiency disease.J Exp Med. 1993; 178: 529
- The beneficience of neonatal hematopoiesis.N Engl J Med. 1989; 321: 1190
- Immunohistochemistry represents a useful tool to study human cell engraftment in SCID mice transplantation models.Blood Cells. 1994; 20: 323
- Erythrocyte-depleted allogeneic human umbilical cord blood transplantation.Blood Cells. 1994; 20: 267
- Successful hematopoietic reconstitution with transplantation of erythrocyte-depleted allogeneic human umbilical cord blood cells in a child with leukemia.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1994; 91: 4485
- Allogeneic responses of human umbilical cord blood.Blood Cells. 1994; 20: 566
- Proliferative and Cytotoxic responses of human cord blood T lymphocytes following allogeneic stimulation.Cell Immunol. 1994; 154: 14
- Alloantigen priming induces a state of unresponsiveness in human cord blood T cells.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1995; 92: 2413
- Stored placental blood for unrelated bone marrow reconstitution.Blood. 1993; 81: 1679
- Unrelated placental blood for bone marrow reconstitution: Organization of the placental blood program.Blood Cells. 1994; 20: 587
Rubinstein P, Dobrila L, Rosenfield RE, et al. Processing and cryopreservation of placental/umbilical cord blood for unrelated bone marrow reconstitution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:, 1995, in press
- Cytokine-dependent ex vivo expansion of early subsets of CD34+ cord blood myeloid progenitors is enhanced by cord blood plasma, but expansion of the more mature subsets of progenitors is favored.Blood Cells. 1994; 20: 436
- Comparative analysis of retroviral-mediated gene transduction into CD34+ cord blood hematopoietic progenitors in the presence and absence of growth factors.Blood Cells. 1994; 20: 517
- Persistence of human multilineage, self-renewing lymphohematopoietic stem cells in chimeric sheep.Blood. 1993; 82: 3333
- Frontiers in bone marrow transplantation.Blood Cells. 1991; 17: 259
- Human umbilical cord blood hematopoietic progenitor cells: Are they the same as their adult bone marrow counterparts?.Blood Cells. 1994; 20: 382
- Evaluation of the in vitro behavior of phenotypically defined populations of umbilical cord blood hematopoietic progenitor cells.Exp Hematol. 1994; 22: 215
- Evidence for a mitotic clock in human hematopoietic stem cells: Loss of telomeric DNA with age.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1994; 91: 9857
- HLA mismatched cord blood transplantation in a patient with advanced leukemia.Transplantation. 1992; 53: 1128
- HLA mismatched cord blood transplantation immunological studies.Blood Cells. 1994; 20: 235
- Immature human cord blood progenitors engraft and proliferate to high levels in severe combined immunodeficient mice.Blood. 1994; 83: 2489
- Brief report: Correction of x-linked lymphoproliferative disease by transplantation of cord-blood stem cells.N Engl J Med. 1993; 329: 1623
- Use of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor in two children treated with cord blood transplantation.Blood Cells. 1994; 20: 249
- Transplantation of umbilical cord blood after myeloablative therapy: Analysis of engraftment.Blood. 1992; 79: 1874
- Isolation of small, primitive human hematopoietic strem cells: Distribution of cell surface cytokine receptors and growth in SCID-humice.Blood. 1995; 86: 512
- Allogeneic sibling umbilical cord blood transplantation in forty-four children with malignant and non-malignant disease.Lancet. 1995; 346: 214
- Umbilical cord blood stem cells as targets for genetic modification: New therapeutic approaches to somatic gene therapy.Blood Cells. 1994; 20: 504
- Extensive proliferative capacity of single isolated CD34+++ human cord blood cells in suspension culture.Blood Cells. 1994; 20: 455
- Long-term repopulating ability of xenogeneic transplanted human fetal liver hematopoietic stem cells in sheep.J Clin Invest. 1994; 93: 1051
- Retention of long-term repopulating ability of xenogeneic transplanted purified adult human bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells in sheep.J Lab Clin Med. 1995; 126: 24
- Adeno-associated virus 2-mediated high efficiency gene transfer into immature and mature subsets of hematopoietic progenitor cells in human umbilical cord blood.J Exp Med. 1994; 179: 1867
Article info
Footnotes
Address reprint requests to Hal E. Broxmeyer, PhD, Walther Oncology Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, 975 West Walnut Street Indianapolis, IN 46202-5121
The work cited from the author's laboratory was supported by Public Health Service Grants RO1 HL46549, RO1 HL49202, RO1 HL54037, R37 CA36464 and a project in PO1 HL53586 from the National Institutes of Health and the National Cancer Institute.
Identification
Copyright
© 1996 W. B. Saunders Company. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
