Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribers receive full online access to your subscription and archive of back issues up to and including 2002.
Content published before 2002 is available via pay-per-view purchase only.
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Immunology and Allergy ClinicsAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Double-blind study of the effectiveness of a broad-spectrum antibiotic in status asthmaticus.Pediatrics. 1974; 53: 867-872
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae: acute illness, antibiotics, and subsequent pulmonary function.Arch Dis Child. 1984; 59: 1034-1037
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a frequent cause of exacerbation of bronchial asthma in adults.Ann Allergy. 1986; 57: 263-265
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae and asthma in children.Clin Infect Dis. 2004; 38: 1341-1346
- Prevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in pediatric patients with acute asthma exacerbation.Arch Argent Pediatr. 2018; 116: 179-185
- A link between chronic asthma and chronic infection.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001; 107: 595-601
- Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in the airways of adults with chronic asthma.Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998; 158: 998-1001
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children with acute and refractory asthma.Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2013; 110: 334.e1
- Increased risk of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children with atopic sensitization and asthma.Korean J Pediatr. 2014; 57: 271-277
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae and its role as a human pathogen.Clin Microbiol Rev. 2004; 17 (table of contents): 728
- Mycoplasmas.in: Baron S. Medical microbiology. The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston (TX)1996: NBK7637 ([bookaccession])
- Involvement of P1 adhesin in gliding motility of Mycoplasma pneumoniae as revealed by the inhibitory effects of antibody under optimized gliding conditions.J Bacteriol. 2005; 187: 1875-1877
- A dipalmitoylated lipoprotein from Mycoplasma pneumoniae activates NF-kappa B through TLR1, TLR2, and TLR6.J Immunol. 2005; 175: 4641-4646
- Cytoadherence-dependent induction of inflammatory responses by Mycoplasma pneumoniae.Immunology. 2011; 133: 51-61
- Induction of IL-8 by Mycoplasma pneumoniae membrane in BEAS-2B cells.Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2008; 295: 220
- ADP-ribosylating and vacuolating cytotoxin of Mycoplasma pneumoniae represents unique virulence determinant among bacterial pathogens.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006; 103: 6724-6729
- Roles of T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain genes and toll-like receptors in wheezy children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.Heart Lung Circ. 2016; 25: 1226-1231
- Increased serum interleukin-10 but not interleukin-4 level in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.J Trop Pediatr. 2017; 63: 294-300
- Cytokine secretion in children with acute mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and wheeze.Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002; 34: 122-127
- Levels of interleukin-2, interferon-gamma, and interleukin-4 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with mycoplasma pneumonia: implication of tendency toward increased immunoglobulin E production.Pediatrics. 2001; 107: E39
- The relationship between serum endothelin (ET)-1 and wheezing status in the children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2006; 17: 285-290
- Increased serum interleukin-5 and vascular endothelial growth factor in children with acute mycoplasma pneumonia and wheeze.Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44: 423-428
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae induces allergy by producing P1-specific immunoglobulin E.Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2018; 121: 90-97
- Decreased interleukin-18 response in asthmatic children with severe mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.Cytokine. 2011; 54: 218-221
- A role for the Mycoplasma pneumoniae adhesin P1 in interleukin (IL)-4 synthesis and release from rodent mast cells.Microb Pathog. 2005; 39: 149-158
- The immunopathologic effects of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and community-acquired respiratory distress syndrome toxin. A primate model.Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2018; 58: 253-260
- Serial changes in serum eosinophil-associated mediators between atopic and non-atopic children after Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2014; 6: 428-433
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae CARDS toxin elicits a functional IgE response in balb/c mice.PLoS One. 2017; 12: e0172447
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection affects the serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-5 in atopic children.Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2012; 4: 92-97
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children is a risk factor for developing allergic diseases.ScientificWorldJournal. 2014; 2014: 986527
- Changes in levels of IL-9, IL-17, IFN-gamma, dendritic cell numbers and TLR expression in peripheral blood in asthmatic children with mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2015; 8: 5263-5272
- Toll-like receptor 2 down-regulation in established mouse allergic lungs contributes to decreased mycoplasma clearance.Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008; 177: 720-729
- SPLUNC1 promotes lung innate defense against Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in mice.Am J Pathol. 2011; 178: 2159-2167
- Incident asthma and Mycoplasma pneumoniae: a nationwide cohort study.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016; 137: 1023.e6
- Effects of respiratory Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection on allergen-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness and lung inflammation in mice.Infect Immun. 2003; 71: 1520-1526
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae CARDS toxin exacerbates ovalbumin-induced asthma-like inflammation in BALB/c mice.PLoS One. 2014; 9: e102613
- Surfactant protein-A suppresses eosinophil-mediated killing of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in allergic lungs.PLoS One. 2012; 7: e32436
- Mast cell TNF receptors regulate responses to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in surfactant protein A (SP-A)-/- mice.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012; 130: 14.e2
- Surfactant protein A is defective in abrogating inflammation in asthma.Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2011; 301: 598
- Genetic variation in SP-A2 leads to differential binding to Mycoplasma pneumoniae membranes and regulation of host responses.J Immunol. 2015; 194: 6123-6132
- Polymorphisms of the IL12B, IL1B, and TNFA genes and susceptibility to asthma.J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2013; 23: 487-494
- A deficient TLR2 signaling promotes airway mucin production in Mycoplasma pneumoniae-infected allergic mice.Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2007; 292: 1064
- A low dose of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection enhances an established allergic inflammation in mice: the role of the prostaglandin E2 pathway.Clin Exp Allergy. 2009; 39: 1754-1763
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae extract induces an IL-17-associated inflammatory reaction in murine lung: implication for mycoplasmal pneumonia.Inflammation. 2013; 36: 285-293
- Chlamydia cell biology and pathogenesis.Nat Rev Microbiol. 2016; 14: 385-400
- Heat shock protein 60 from Chlamydia pneumoniae elicits an unusual set of inflammatory responses via toll-like receptor 2 and 4 in vivo.Eur J Immunol. 2004; 34: 2874-2884
- Association of Chlamydia pneumoniae (strain TWAR) infection with wheezing, asthmatic bronchitis, and adult-onset asthma.JAMA. 1991; 266: 225-230
- Airflow limitation, asthma, and Chlamydia pneumoniae-specific heat shock protein 60.Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2008; 101: 614-618
- Chlamydia pneumoniae-specific IgE is prevalent in asthma and is associated with disease severity.PLoS One. 2012; 7: e35945
- Infectious Chlamydia pneumoniae is associated with elevated interleukin-8 and airway neutrophilia in children with refractory asthma.Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2010; 29: 1093-1098
- Rac1 regulates the NLRP3 inflammasome which mediates IL-1beta production in Chlamydophila pneumoniae infected human mononuclear cells.PLoS One. 2012; 7: e30379
- Chlamydial respiratory infection during allergen sensitization drives neutrophilic allergic airways disease.J Immunol. 2010; 184: 4159-4169
- Early-life chlamydial lung infection enhances allergic airways disease through age-dependent differences in immunopathology.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010; 125: 625.e6
- Chlamydia muridarum lung infection in infants alters hematopoietic cells to promote allergic airway disease in mice.PLoS One. 2012; 7: e42588
- Evidence of infectious asthma phenotype: chlamydia-induced allergy and pathogen-specific IgE in a neonatal mouse model.PLoS One. 2013; 8: e83453
- Chlamydophila (chlamydia) pneumoniae serology and asthma in adults: a longitudinal analysis.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005; 116: 1123-1128
- Persistent airflow limitation in adult-onset nonatopic asthma is associated with serologic evidence of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001; 107: 449-454
- Disparate innate immune responses to persistent and acute Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007; 175: 791-797
- Chronic and repeated Chlamydophila pneumoniae lung infection can result in increasing IL-4 gene expression and thickness of airway subepithelial basement membrane in mice.J Formos Med Assoc. 2009; 108: 45-52
- Chlamydophila pneumoniae inhibits corticosteroid-induced suppression of metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 secretion by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.J Med Microbiol. 2012; 61: 705-711
- Effects of CD14, TLR2, TLR4, LPB, and IL-6 gene polymorphisms on Chlamydia pneumoniae growth in human macrophages in vitro.Scand J Immunol. 2009; 70: 34-39
- Non-LPS components of Chlamydia pneumoniae stimulate cytokine production through toll-like receptor 2-dependent pathways.Eur J Immunol. 2002; 32: 1188-1195
- Plasmacytoid dendritic cells mediate the regulation of inflammatory type T cell response for optimal immunity against respiratory Chlamydia pneumoniae infection.PLoS One. 2013; 8: e83463
- Occurrence of Chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydia pneumoniae in paediatric respiratory infections.Eur Respir J. 2009; 33: 360-367
- Chlamydia muridarum infection subverts dendritic cell function to promote Th2 immunity and airways hyperreactivity.J Immunol. 2008; 180: 2225-2232
- IL-17E production is elevated in the lungs of balb/c mice in the later stages of Chlamydia muridarum infection and re-infection.In Vivo. 2013; 27: 787-792
- Structure and function of interleukin-17 family cytokines.Protein Cell. 2011; 2: 26-40
- Potentially pathogenic bacteria cultured from the sputum of stable asthmatics are associated with increased 8-isoprostane and airway neutrophilia.Free Radic Res. 2010; 44: 146-154
- Haemophilus influenzae infection drives IL-17-mediated neutrophilic allergic airways disease.PLoS Pathog. 2011; 7: e1002244
- Lipopolysaccharides promote a shift from Th2-derived airway eosinophilic inflammation to Th17-derived neutrophilic inflammation in an ovalbumin-sensitized murine asthma model.J Asthma. 2017; 54: 447-455
- Combined haemophilus influenzae respiratory infection and allergic airways disease drives chronic infection and features of neutrophilic asthma.Thorax. 2012; 67: 588-599
- Endotoxin from haemophilus influenzae enhances IgE-mediated and non-immunological histamine release.Allergy. 1990; 45: 10-17
- Staphylococcal enterotoxin IgE sensitization in late-onset severe eosinophilic asthma in the elderly.Clin Exp Allergy. 2016; 46: 411-421
- Specific IgE against Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins: an independent risk factor for asthma.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012; 130: 81.e8
- Clinical and immunological determinants of severe/refractory asthma (SRA): association with staphylococcal superantigen-specific IgE antibodies.Allergy. 2011; 66: 32-38
- Sensitization to staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins in smokers with asthma.Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2017; 119: 414.e2
- Staphylococcus aureus induces eosinophil cell death mediated by alpha-hemolysin.PLoS One. 2012; 7: e31506
- Impaired macrophage phagocytosis of bacteria in severe asthma.Respir Res. 2014; 15: 72
- Muc5b is required for airway defence.Nature. 2014; 505: 412-416
- Clarithromycin reduces the severity of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with asthma.Eur Respir J. 2004; 23: 714-717
- Azithromycin for prevention of exacerbations in severe asthma (AZISAST): a multicentre randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial.Thorax. 2013; 68: 322-329
- A double-blind study of troleandomycin and methylprednisolone in asthmatic subjects who require daily corticosteroids.Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993; 147: 398-404
- Effect of azithromycin on asthma exacerbations and quality of life in adults with persistent uncontrolled asthma (AMAZES): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Lancet. 2017; 390: 659-668
- Doxycycline suppresses chlamydia pneumoniae-mediated increases in ongoing immunoglobulin E and interleukin-4 responses by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with allergic asthma.J Antimicrob Chemother. 2013; 68: 2363-2368
- Azithromycin differentially affects the IL-13-induced expression profile in human bronchial epithelial cells.Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2016; 39: 14-20
- Effects of macrolide and corticosteroid in neutrophilic asthma mouse model.Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul). 2018; 81: 80-87
- Clarithromycin decreases rhinovirus replication and cytokine production in nasal epithelial cells from subjects with bronchial asthma: effects on IL-6, IL-8 and IL-33.Arch Pharm Res. 2017;
- The impact of azithromycin therapy on the airway microbiota in asthma.Thorax. 2014; 69: 673-674
- Hay fever, hygiene, and household size.BMJ. 1989; 299: 1259-1260
- Exposure to environmental microorganisms and childhood asthma.N Engl J Med. 2011; 364: 701-709
- Bacterial biogeography of adult airways in atopic asthma.Microbiome. 2018; 6: 3
- Neonatal gut microbiota associates with childhood multisensitized atopy and T cell differentiation.Nat Med. 2016; 22: 1187-1191
- Childhood asthma after bacterial colonization of the airway in neonates.N Engl J Med. 2007; 357: 1487-1495
- Pathogenic bacteria colonizing the airways in asymptomatic neonates stimulates topical inflammatory mediator release.Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013; 187: 589-595
- Maternal propensity for infections and risk of childhood asthma: a registry-based cohort study.Lancet Respir Med. 2014; 2: 631-637
- Early infancy microbial and metabolic alterations affect risk of childhood asthma.Sci Transl Med. 2015; 7: 307ra152
- The effects of lactobacillus rhamnosus on the prevention of asthma in a murine model.Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2010; 2: 199-205
- Asthma-associated differences in microbial composition of induced sputum.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013; 131: 3
- Inflammatory phenotypes in patients with severe asthma are associated with distinct airway microbiology.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018; 141: 103.e15
- Eosinophilic airway inflammation in asthmatic patients is associated with an altered airway microbiome.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017; 140: 417.e11
- Characteristics of eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic asthma during treatment with inhaled corticosteroids.J Asthma. 2015; 52: 417-422
- The airway microbiome in patients with severe asthma: associations with disease features and severity.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015; 136: 874-884
- Features of the bronchial bacterial microbiome associated with atopy, asthma, and responsiveness to inhaled corticosteroid treatment.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017; 140: 63-75
- The effects of airway microbiome on corticosteroid responsiveness in asthma.Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013; 188: 1193-1201
Article info
Publication history
Published online: May 07, 2019
Footnotes
Disclosure Statement: The authors have no commercial or financial conflicts of interest.
Identification
Copyright
© 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.